Life Cycle Of A Human Being Essay - 1769 Words

The life cycle of a human being can be analyzed as a circle. A baby depends on their caregiver to live; from eating to bathing a newborn needs assistance and guidance to learn how to become independent and perform activities of daily living. Similarly, the elderly population requires aid and advice to maintain independence in the later years of life. In this paper, I will discuss laws that have affected this community, services available in Florida to assist the elderly, the role of social workers in aged care and my personal experience being a caregiver for an elderly family member. Aging Services History Two federal acts have impacted the elderly. The first act took place in 1935; Title I forged a partnership between the federal government and various states to assuage old-age dependency. Title II required employers and employees in certain economic sectors to make contributions for workers eventual retirement. These measures guaranteed elderly citizens were guaranteed a minimal level sustenance to maintain independence in late life. (American Society on Aging, 2014) (National Association for Home Care and Hospice, 2015) Social Security did not grant old-age assistance to almshouse residents. This policy step hastened the demise of that dreaded institution; it prompted the private development of shared residences and shared housing arrangements for senior citizens. Subsequent amendments redirected U.S. social welfare and social service events; in 1952, CongressShow MoreRelatedHuman Health And Sustainable Development1563 Words   |  7 Pagesthe quality of lifestyle for humans by preserving the environment, using resources efficiently, protecting human health, and maintaining the required balance that is necessary in life. Over time, humans have attempted to achieve a more sustainable environment on earth. However, over the past few years, humans have been very irresponsible and unsuccessful as they have depleted what the nature has provided and disrupted the balance that is so essential in life. Humans are disturbing the sustainableRead MoreImpact of the Human Population on Environment and the Bioge ochemical Cycles1508 Words   |  6 PagesThe human impact on the environment Mankind has evolved dramatically throughout the past recent decades, but this evolution is often perceived as having been at the expense of the environment. The large size corporations for instance create tons of debris each year, which pollutes the soils and the waters; people use a multitude of transportation means to get to one corner of the world to the other, but this generates the rapid consumption of the fossil fuels. The population of the modern dayRead MoreThe Water Cycle : The Carbon Cycle964 Words   |  4 PagesThe carbon cycle is very important to human life because humans cant breathe carbon dioxide for long periods of time. Carbon dioxide is attached to the oxygen and that needs to go away so humans can breathe it properly. The plant cycle relies heavily on the carbon cycle because plants consume the carbon dioxide because the carbon dioxide and photosynthesis (light from the sun) helps their food grow. The plants then lets the oxygen go for animals and humans to breathe. When a plant dies, it getsRead MoreHuman Impacts on the Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles Essay examples1010 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Impact on the Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Cycles Danielle Abbadusky Everest University Human impact on the cycling matter in ecosystems can change a lot of things. Humans can either help or hurt things. The carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles are the three cycles of matter in ecosystems. What are these cycles? How do humans effect each one of these individual cycles? What are some examples of humans effecting these cycles? What is the carbon cycle? â€Å"Sequence of processes throughRead MoreGrade Students Understand Life Cycles823 Words   |  4 PagesAs a future educator being able to integrate various subjects within other subjects allows for enrichment of materials and experiences within the classroom. Science is one of those subjects that can work with other subjects. Science and literacy can work together in the classroom in a variety of ways. The components of literacy can be used to help enhance learning. Integrating literacy into science when learning about life cycles includes writing and reading about life cycles. Research question †¢Read MoreTide Rises Tide Falls846 Words   |  4 Pagespast time, which likes the tides that came and went. The tide repeated the law of life in the universe endlessly. However, people seldom think over the time when they are provided with a new life. They would begin to notice it once they are in their dotage. Humans are beef-witted or slow in thought. Thus, personally speaking, there is some kind of regret of the poet for the modern people’s almost pure material-pursuit life to some extent in the poem. Secondly, the repetition of sentence â€Å"The tide risesRead MoreBuddhism And Its Effect On Society842 Words   |  4 PagesBuddhism originates from Hinduism, and thus it advocates samsaric cycle driven by karma (intentional action). Yet, it is distinct from Hinduism because it denies the existence of unchanging, eternal essence of human personality based on the doctrine of the impermanence of all compounded phenomena (197, 201). In Buddhism, there is nothing to be permanent and unaffected (203). Even if someone perceives his/her self as an unchanging core, such a feeling/perception is nothing but a result of an interactionRead MoreThe Cyclical Of Nature : Ozymandias1436 Words   |  6 Pagesman-made creations. Also, natural emotions and living things experience the cycle of life and death, but escape the permanent death experienced by unnatural things. In short, man-made things are impermanent, while natural things are immortal. The first overarching theme of all of these poems is that man-made things eventually die. In â€Å"Ozymandias†, the statue of Ramses II gradually decays until he is forgotten. The king being lost in memory is shown in the very beginning before the statue is even mentionedRead MoreLiving Like Weasels, Shooting An Elephant, And Virginia Woolf863 Words   |  4 PagesThe human is the most complex living being on the face of this earth, yet human roots are sometimes forgotten. Through Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, it is clear that animals are the brothers and sisters of the human race. In turn, human habits resemble those of all the living beings which creates unity between all walks of life, determining the same fate for all. A similar concept relates the three works: Living Like Weasels, Shooting an Elephant, and The Death of a Moth by Annie DillardRead MoreHow The Carbon Cycle Affects Our Environment1435 Words   |  6 PagesHumans now days do all sorts of thi ngs that can cause harm to our environment. Unfortunately, as time goes by the problems start to get worse rather than improve. This happens because people do no take action in trying to protect the environment we live in because either people are to busy, do not really see the importance, or simply do no care to try and put effort into trying to improve the environment we all live in. A very serious problem in the world today is the way humans are affecting the

Abigail Adams Essay - 2517 Words

Abigail Adams was a woman of high character and a loving soul. She was selfless in her thinking and remarkable in the way she handled people. Her management skills were above average for the normal female in the 1700s. She held many worldly interests that tied her to the political fashion of society. She was well cultured and was able to apply this to her role of a politician’s wife with great attributes towards society. She became the â€Å"buffer† with regard to her husbands temper and lack of diplomacy. She participated in many political activities. Her independent thinking, character, faithfulness, and hard work gave her the ability to succeed in society in the 17th century. Even though Abigail Adams was not formerly†¦show more content†¦As a result, she lacked confidence in her education. She stated, â€Å"My early education did not partake of the abundant opportunities which the present day affords and which even our common schools now afford. I was never sent to any school; I was always sick.† Even though she did not attend a formal school it did not put her out of reach of a proper education (Peterson, 9). Abigail Adams learned how to read and write at home by her father, mother, and maternal grandmother, whom she adored. Her mother contributed to most of her education along with her sisters, during their younger years. Because her mother had a limited amount of education, Abigail taught herself to read (Holton, 6). When Abigail learned to read she couldn’t stop reading. Her father had many books at home that he had collected throughout the years. She devoured as many as she could, which lead her to be very well educated in many different areas. In the 1700s many girls unfaltering read fiction for entertainment. However, Abigail did not have frivolous taste in books. The books that she liked the most were Shakespeare, philosophy, theology, classical, ancient history, law, and government. She even tau ght herself different languages (Holton, 6). She also enjoyed writing letters to friends and family that lived far away, which was common amongst her peers. Her desire for writing ledShow MoreRelatedAbigail Adams Essays705 Words   |  3 PagesAbigail Adams Abigail Adams was and still is a hero and idle for many women in the United States. As the wife of John Adams, Abigail used her position to bring forth her own strong federalist and strong feminist views. Mrs. Adams was one of the earliest feminists and will always influence todays women. Abigail Adams was born Abigail Smith in 1744 at Weymouth, Massachusetts. She was a descendent of the Qunicys, a very prestigious family in the colonies, on her mothers side. On her fathersRead MoreEssay On Abigail Adams1921 Words   |  8 Pagesthe musical, none of them made as much of an impact and deserve as much credit as Abigail Adams. Born Abigail Smith in 1744, she grew up in Massachusetts with a decently wealthy family, which resulted in the opportunity to obtain a good education. Though she was schooled at home, she read all she could and took an interest in knowledge and politics early in her life, which only grew with her marriage to John Adams (Martinez). With this marriage, she became involved in a great deal of politics, andRead MoreThe Letter By Abigail Adams1990 Words   |  8 PagesLetter â€Å"Abigail Adams to John Adams, 31 March 1776†: Foundational Component Area Assessment Nora Roy History 1301/Section 4001 Professor Olivier October 1, 2017 1. Who wrote the document? The letter â€Å"Abigail Adams to John Adams, 31 March 1776† is a correspondence written by a passionate and intelligent woman named Abigail Adams to her husband, John Adams, while he is away from home serving as a delegate from Massachusets at the Second Continental Congress.1,2 Throughout the letter Abigail revealsRead MoreAbigail Adams : A Revolutionary Woman1382 Words   |  6 Pages  Charles W. Akers. Abigail Adams: A Revolutionary Woman. Third ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Charles W. Akers’ Abigail Adams: A Revolutionary Woman is written about Abigail Adams whom is the wife to the second president of the United States, John Adams. Abigail begins by describing the role of women during the colonial time when the US only consisted of the 13 colonies. Starting with her birth on November 11, 1744 to her death on October 28, 1818 Abigail describes the role she playedRead MoreEssay Letter to John Adams from Abigail Adams640 Words   |  3 PagesLetter to John Adams from Abigail Adams and Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams 1. Abigail Adams establishes ethos in the opening paragraph by asking questions about the issue at hand. By mentioning the Defense Virginia she shows that she is knowledgeable about the issue at hand, even though she does not yet have a definite stance on it. The questions show her urgent tone and care for her husband. The questions show that she is concerned about him and his well being. 2. Abigail tries to conveyRead MoreAbigail Adams : A Leader Of The American Revolution1345 Words   |  6 PagesAbigail Adams married a man destined to be a major leader of the American Revolution and the second President of the United States. Although she married and raised men that become such significant figures during their time, her herself was played an important role in the American society. The events that happened in her life, starting from childhood and ending in her adult years, led her to be a Revolutionary woman. Three main reasons behind her becoming such a strong, independent woman was theRead MoreAbigail Adams : American History1560 Words   |  7 PagesAbigail Adams Throughout the early times of this country, the idea of women having rights was far from necessary, but there were a few women out there, such as Abigail Adams who held high hopes that one day this nation that the founding fathers were building up, would allow for women to be treated equally as men. Although Abigail Adams was filled with these hopes, she always found ways to be involved in political issues, not only because she was John Adams wife, but she also aspired that one dayRead MoreAbigail Adams: a Revolutionary American Woman Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesAbigail Adams: A Revolutionary American Woman Abigail Adams married a man destined to be a major leader of the American Revolution and the second President of the United States. Although she married and raised men that become such significant figures during their time, her herself was played an important role in the American society. The events that happened in her life, starting from childhood and ending in her adult years, led her to be a Revolutionary woman. Three main reasons behind her becomingRead MoreAbigail Adams : A Woman Before Her Time1175 Words   |  5 PagesAbigail Adams: A Woman Before Her Time Although she had no direct influence on the new American government nor held any official political power, Abigail Adams was easily one of the most political and influential women of her time. From her knowledge of the war during the American Revolution, to her advice to husband John Adams as he helped craft the U.S Constitution, Abigail Adams was helping to shape the foundation and direction of her country over 100 years before women even had the right toRead MoreAbigail Adams : Women s Rights2063 Words   |  9 PagesAbigail Adams, a woman very well known today for being one of the first figures for women s rights becoming the first lady during her husband, John Adams presidency. Abigail was born on November 22, 1744 and died on October 28, 1818 (The World of Abigail Adams). Throughout her life she had many long lasting accomplishments and was a leader in her household and for women. She helped make the Americas what they are today and helped give rights to woman. Abigail Adams w as an important figure because

Perception is reality! Oh really Free Essays

A couple of years ago, I witnessed what I thought was a man having trouble getting into his car. There was a man that must have been in his mid 60’s tugging on his door handle to his car. I watched him try to fit his arm into a small opening in the widow on the passenger side of the car. We will write a custom essay sample on Perception is reality! Oh really? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because of the age of this man, it never entered my mind that this man was trying to break into this car to steal it. Another thing that didn’t fit the profile of a car thief was the way the man was dressed. He was dressed in a sports jacket and was wearing fairly decent trousers with nice shoes. I walked over to the man and asked him if there was anything I could help him with or if he needed to call someone. He told me he did not have a cell phone, so I offered the use of mine. The man declined saying he just bought the car a couple of weeks ago, and had not had a chance to get a spare key made. He was in the parking lot where I worked at, so I asked him if there was someone he knew inside the building that could give him a ride to the dealership where he bought the car from, and once again he declined by saying he had just stopped by to fill out an application. I asked him again if there was anything I could help him with because I didn’t want to leave him just standing there helpless not able to get into his, and again he declined respectfully but started to sound irritated because of my repeated offers. I went back inside and stopped by the coffee machine for some coffee and started dwelling on this poor man. As I was walking back to my desk, I glanced out the window and saw him looking around as he continued to fit his arm in the window by pulling his sleeves up. I walked over to the receptionist and asked her what position the man had applied for, and she looked at me asking me what man I was talking about. I described him to her and told her I had just spoken to him in the parking lot to offer him help because he had either lost or locked his keys in the car. She had no idea who I was talking about, which I thought was strange, because she is the one that hands out applications. I walked over to the window and looked outside again to see if the man had gotten into his car yet. He was still there so I pointed the man out to the receptionist the man over by the white two door cavalier. After I pointed him out, the receptionist told me the man had came in the building to use the restroom, not fill out an application. I started to walk back to my desk but started to have an uneasy feeling about this man. I know what everyone in the office drives due to working late at night, and a bunch of us walk to our cars together. I went over to the electronic pre-press department and asked the supervisor if he knew anyone that drove a white two door cavalier, and he told me his proof-reader drives one. I told him about the man trying to get into a white two door cavalier outside. The supervisor ran over to the person that had a car fitting that description and told him. The employee ran to the window and told us that was his car. Two of our employees ran outside to stop the older man, but he had broken the driver side window and was pulling out of the parking lot. During this five minute time frame, someone had called the police and the man was stopped about a half of a mile down the road, but hit one of the police cars before stopping and did a lot of damage to the car. I have never felt so bad. If I had not let the man’s appearance fool me, I might have been able to prevent the whole thing from happening, but then again, had I not questioned the receptionist and supervisor, the car would have been long gone. I learned basically; don’t judge a book by its cover. Now when I see someone that is not familiar in the parking lot when I’m outside, or when I see someone in our building that I don’t know, I ask the receptionist. Our division did not have very strict rules before of people coming in and out of the building, but now we have a guest sign in sheet and the nature of their business. This may not stop someone from trying to do this again, but then again it just might. How to cite Perception is reality! Oh really?, Papers

Business Strategy Management for ShopHere- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Strategy Management for ShopHere Operations. Answer: Introduction It is essential to develop strategies that will ensure quality product and services to the targeted consumers. This research focuses on ShopHere operations, which offer quality products to consumers in Australia and all over the world through e-commerce platforms. In Bangladesh and Uzbekistan, the company experienced consumer boycott due to the cotton labor scandal. The company is dealing with the issue by buying ethically traded crops and bans the use of fur. The target of ethical consumers makes an organization to have a decent reputation in the international market for an increase in competitive advantage (Wheelen and David 2017). Therefore the purchase of raw material of a company is required to be ethical for a sustainable business performance in the targeted market. The study will evaluate primary and secondary sources to come up with the need for business ethics in developing a strategy for an organization (Daspit et al. 2017). Strategies are essential for a team as they provi de a plan to follow in ensuring that there is a continued business advantage in the targeted market. Description of search process Primary and secondary sources will be used to come up with the required information about business strategy. The data will be essential in identifying the importance of considering business ethics in coming up with a plan for an organization (Singh et al. 2016). This source makes it possible to develop a critical analysis of literature about strategic management of an organization. Critical analysis of the literature Strategic management Strategies are plans that are developed by the top management ion ensuring that there is a continuous development of the organization through ethical production. The resources are supposed to be managed appropriately to ensure that there is a financial stability of the company. Its possible for the organization to acquire future success through the implementation of the practical plan in production. The strategic management process involves goal setting, analysis, formation, implementation and monitoring of the strategies. Goal setting is where the mission and vision of the organization formulation ensure that there is smooth flow in the business (Hamari, Mimmi and Antti 2016). This requires identification of the short term and long term goals depending on the projects of the industry. The mission strategy provides guidelines of what the organization deals with a proper management of activities during production. Analysis requires handling of the internal and external issues to maxim ize the strengths of the business while minimizing on weaknesses of the company. The threats and opportunities in the external environment make it possible for an organization to have a sustainable competitive edge in the targeted market (Arli and Denni 2017). Strategy formulation this is where the plan communication to all the stakeholders of the business for the achievement of set long-term goals. After the employees and other stakeholders of the company have the required knowledge about the strategy, it is implemented to achieve set production objectives. Lastly is evaluation and control of actions in the business in ensuring that there is the progress of the strategy (Leonidou et al. 2017). The management expects to formulate plans considering the changing business environment to retain and acquire new consumers in the long-term operation of the business. Business ethics An organization is required to take responsibilities of their actions in the organization to ensure that there is a smooth flow of operation. This is where an organization is supposed to come up with business ethics strategies that make functions widely accepted in the targeted market. Abiding by set rules and regulations of the community makes the organizational ethical for an increase in production level (Font, Lluis and Steve 2016). The process of productions from raw material acquisition to development of finished goods requires ethical practices. Consumers can trust, ethical brands as they are highly beneficial to the society. Engaging in social responsibility practices makes an organization acquire new consumers and retain the existing customers due to the understanding of consumer needs. Business ethics practices provide loyalty to a particular brand to ensure that there is a stable performance of the organization. It is essential to consider employee ethics, leadership, ethic s and organizational culture ethics (Schaper 2016). It possible for the production process to be of high integrity to meet the needs and desires of the consumers. Business ethics improve the organizational culture which is vital in ensuring efficiency in production. Corporate governance Corporate governance is essential in the strategic management of an organization as it considers the interests of all people involved in the organization. It is necessary to find the benefit of the administration and stakeholders to ensure that the rules implemented in the organization are highly effective in dealing with issues considering business ethics (Lins, Henri and Ane 2017). The leaders are required to oversee the performance of the organization making sure that every business process is handled correctly to acquire quality products and services. The policies implemented by the management are required to offer guidelines to the employees and consumers, which are the most critical units in an organization. Strategies that are consumers oriented are highly effective in dealing with issues in the market (Frambach, Peer and Paul 2016). There are two types of stakeholders which, considered in developing effective corporate governance. The internal stakeholders are the one who dir ected impact the performance of the business which is the employees and management. The external stakeholders are beyond the organization control which is the suppliers, creditors, vendors, consumers and the community (Rao and Carol 2016). It is essential for the top management to ensure that all stakeholders are kept happy to maximize the profitability of production. Supply chain management Supply chain management is essential to managing the risk of a business process for a continuous competitive advantage in the market considering the business is ethical. Supply chain requires proper management of the raw material and the finished goods to reduce the cost incurred in production. Evaluation of raw material to well-finished process is essential in reducing waste in manufacturing (Fredendall and Ed 2016). The process assures quality to the consumers due to the following of the set guidelines in production. The inventory of the company requires management to reduce holding time of the stock. Production level should match the demand levels in the market for a continuous improvement of the market share. The administration uses supply chain management techniques in coming up with shipping options in ensuring that the produced goods reach the targeted market. It is essential for an organization to integrate advanced technology into the supply chain management to provide that there is a minimum waste in dealing with inventory (Mangan and Chandra 2016). Proper communication with the consumers, suppliers, and distributors improve the supply chain management making it possible for the organization to identify market opportunities that would enhance the performance. Target consumers It is crucial for an organization to identify the targeted consumer before entering into a new market by considering business and consumer ethics. This makes it possible to develop an effective marketing strategy based on the attributes of the targeted consumers. The management is required to design the expectation of the targeted market to improve products and services to meet the specific needs of the consumers (Gurhan-Canli, Ceren and Gulen 2016). The consumers are expected to be ethical where they consider the business process in coming up with the products and services. This makes it possible for the organization to use the right channels in making the products reach the targeted consumers. Competitive edge This is acquired by producing quality products and services to the targeted consumers to ensure an increased customer base. Delivering quality products is the main contributor to a company gaining a competitive edge from production. This is where an organization develops diverse products that are accepted by a different type of consumers in the market. The management is required to consider the cost and expected revenue in coming up with the appropriate price that is widely accepted in the market (Sekaran and Roger 2016). Quality products at a proper make it possible for an organization to acquire a competitive edge in the targeted market. Literature Gap The literature fails to offer sufficient information for the management to use in coming up with strategic management decisions that are ethical to the targeted consumers. The information is limited, requiring the administration to perform analysis to come up with strategies that will improve the performance of the business. The internal and external analysis is performed by the management so that the plan implemented can provide a competitive edge in the market. The foreign exchange is highly dynamic, making it inaccurate to use earlier sources to develop strategies about an organization. Conclusion From the review, it is evident that strategic management is essential for an organization to acquire set long term of production. Business ethics and effective corporate governance make the products to be widely accepted in the market for a reliable brand. Competitive advantage is essential in making the organization achieve high-profit levels from the sale of products. Quality production at the suitable price creates products and services widely accepted in the targeted market. Summary table Author Name Title Content Arli, Denni, and Arli Denni. 2017 Does ethics need religion? Evaluating the importance of religiosity in consumer ethics Explains the needs of strategies in handling consumers. Daspit, Joshua, Chrisman James, Sharma Pramodita, Pearson, Allison, and Long Rebecca 2017 A Strategic Management Perspective of the Family Firm: Past Trends, New Insights, and Future Directions Indicates the need for business ethics for the future success of business. Font, Xavier, Garay, Lluis, and Jones Steve. 2016 Sustainability motivations and practices in small tourism enterprises in European protected areas. Business ethics Frambach, Ruud, Fiss Peer, and Ingenbleek Paul. 2016 How important is customer orientation for firm performance? A fuzzy set analysis of orientations, strategies, and environments Consumer-oriented strategies Fredendall, Lawrence, and Hill Ed. 2016 Basics of supply chain management. Supply chain management Gurhan-Canli, Zeynep, Hayran Ceren, and Serial-Abi Gulen. 2016 Customer-based brand equity in a technologically fast-paced, connected, and constrained environment. Proper techniques to target consumers. Hamari, Juho, Sjoklin Mimmi, and Ukkonen. Antti. 2016 The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption Strategies to handle ethical consumers Leonidou, Leonidas, Christodoulides Paul, Kyrgidou Lida, and Palihawadana Daydanda. 2017 Internal drivers and performance consequences of small firm green business strategy Business strategies and ethics Lins, Karl, Servaes Henri, and Tamayo Ane. 2017 Social capital, trust, and firm performance: The value of corporate social responsibility during the financial crisis. Business ethics Mangan, John, and Lalwani Chandra. 2016 Global logistics and supply chain management. Supply chain Rao, Kathyayini, and Tilt Carol. 2016 Board composition and corporate social responsibility: The role of diversity, gender, strategy and decision making Business ethics Schaper, Michael. 2016 Making ecopreneurs: developing sustainable entrepreneurship. Dealing with ethical consumer through eco-friendly products Sekaran, Uma, and Bougie Roger. 2016 Research methods for business: Business research techniques Singh, Jatinder, Garg Nitika, Govind Rahul, and Vitell Scott. 2016 Anger strays, fear refrains: The differential effect of negative emotions on consumers ethical judgments Business ethics for a competitive edge Wheelen, Thomas, and Hunger. David. 2016 Strategic management and business policy. Acquiring a competitive advantage in ethical purchasing consumers. Bibliography Arli, Denni, and Arli Denni. "Does ethics need religion? Evaluating the importance of religiosity in consumer ethics." Marketing Intelligence Planning, 2017: 205-221. Daspit, Joshua, Chrisman James, Sharma Pramodita, Pearson, Allison, and Long Rebecca. "A Strategic Management Perspective of the Family Firm: Past Trends, New Insights, and Future Directions." Journal of Managerial Issues, 2017: 6-29. Font, Xavier, Garay, Lluis, and Jones Steve. "Sustainability motivations and practices in small tourism enterprises in European protected areas." Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016: 1439-1448. Frambach, Ruud, Fiss Peer, and Ingenbleek Paul. "How important is customer orientation for firm performance? A fuzzy set analysis of orientations, strategies, and environments." Journal of Business Research, 2016: 1428-1436. Fredendall, Lawrence, and Hill Ed. Basics of supply chain management. CRC Press, 2016. Gurhan-Canli, Zeynep, Hayran Ceren, and Serial-Abi Gulen. "Customer-based brand equity in a technologically fast-paced, connected, and constrained environment." AMS review, 2016: 23-32. Hamari, Juho, Sjoklin Mimmi, and Ukkonen. Antti. "The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption. ." Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2016: 2047-2059. Leonidou, Leonidas, Christodoulides Paul, Kyrgidou Lida, and Palihawadana Daydanda. "Internal drivers and performance consequences of small firm green business strategy: the moderating role of external forces." Journal of Business Ethics, 2017: 580-606. Lins, Karl, Servaes Henri, and Tamayo Ane. "Social capital, trust, and firm performance: The value of corporate social responsibility during the financial crisis." The Journal of Finance, 2017: 1-51. Mangan, John, and Lalwani Chandra. Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Rao, Kathyayini, and Tilt Carol. "Board composition and corporate social responsibility: The role of diversity, gender, strategy and decision making."." Journal of Business Ethics, 2016: 327-347. Schaper, Michael. Making ecopreneurs: developing sustainable entrepreneurship. CRC Press, 2016. Sekaran, Uma, and Bougie Roger. Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Singh, Jatinder, Garg Nitika, Govind Rahul, and Vitell Scott. "Anger strays, fear refrains The differential effect of negative emotions on consumers' ethical judgments." Journal of Business Ethics, 2016: 1-14. Wheelen, Thomas, and Hunger. David. Strategic management and business policy. Pearson, 2017.

Agent Orange Essays - Dioxins, Defoliants, Immunotoxins, Toxicology

Agent Orange Just saying the name Agent Orange gets the attention of every Vietnam veteran, and I dare say most of the Australian and American public, not to mention the Vietnamese. It has been argued about, written about, researched and debated, published in magazines and newspapers, talked about on radio and television. It was the subject of documentaries, legal battles, and in Australia a Royal Commission that lasted some two years and cost 3.8 million dollars. Agent Orange was the code name for a herbicide developed for the military, primarily for use in tropical climates. Although the genesis of the product goes back to the 1940's, serious testing for military applications did not begin until the early 1960's. The purpose of the product was to deny an enemy cover and concealment in dense terrain by defoliating trees and shrubbery where the enemy could hide. The product "Agent Orange" (a code name for the orange band that was used to mark the drums it was stored in) was principally effective against broad-leaf foliage, such as the dense jungle-like terrain found in Southeast Asia. The product was tested in Vietnam in the early 1960's, and was brought into ever widening use during the height of the war in 1967-68, though it's use was diminished and eventually discontinued in 1971. Agent Orange was a 50-50 mix of two chemicals, known conventionally as 2,4,D and 2,4,5,T. the combined product was mixed with kerosene or diesel fuel and dispersed by aircraft, vehicle, and hand spraying. An estimated 19 million gallons of Agent Orange were used in South Vietnam during the war. The earliest health concerns about Agent Orange were about the product's contamination with TCDD, or dioxin. TCDD is one of a family of dioxins, some found in nature, and are cousins of dibenzofurans and PCB's. Dioxin is formed by burning chlorine-based chemical compounds with hydrocarbons. The major source of dioxin in the environment (95%) comes from incinerators burning chlorinated wastes. Dioxin pollution is also affiliated with paper mills, which use chlorine bleaching in their process and with the production of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) plastics. The TCDD that can be found in Agent Orange is thought to be harmful to man. In laboratory tests on animals, TCDD has caused a wide variety of diseases, many of them fatal. TCDD is not found in nature, but rather is a man-made and is always an unwanted byproduct of the chemical process of manufacturing of certain herbicides, bactericides, wood preservatives, and other products. It is believed by many scientists to be the most toxic of all synthetic chemicals. It was first identified as a contaminant in 1957, but not recognized as a major public hazard until the mid 1970's. The Agent Orange used in Vietnam was later found to be extremely contaminated with TCDD. The Agent Orange in Vietnam was contaminated in amounts from 0.05 to almost 50 parts per million, with the most common contamination being 2 parts per million (ppm). This contamination resulted in an estimated 368 pounds of dioxin sprayed over Vietnam in a six-year period.

Primary ESL Learners in Taiwan English Literature Learning Syllabus

Primary ESL Learners in Taiwan English Literature Learning Syllabus Introduction The education enables people to gain new skills in a formal and governmentally controlled way which then benefits the individual’s professional training and promotional ladder movement. Though some people think education to be a rudiment of the renaissance age when this was a concept available to rich people only, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of education on different levels and in different ages.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Primary ESL Learners in Taiwan: English Literature Learning Syllabus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The age groups of learners vary regarding the essence of learning. For instance, elementary and secondary education is obligatory aspect of ordinary life in most countries of the world whereas ESL learning is the area available to people who want to learn English and master it to the degree of native speaking. At the same time, many nations acknowle dge necessity of learning other languages than the native one in the context of the globalisation and developing cultural diversity issues. The syllabus will include vocabulary, language focus, listening, and speaking sections that consist of specific topics necessary for adequate development of language skills in whole. The present learning syllabus in Taiwan elementary schools was introduced to make the learning-teaching process more effective. Along with the new syllabus, a new assessment scale was introduced to functions as the following: understanding the strengths and weaknesses of students’ learning ability, assisting teachers in monitoring student learning progress, evaluating students’ learning, placing students in learning groups based on given institutional standards (Chan, 2006, p. 37). So, the syllabus for the primary school in Taiwan includes interventions for reading (phonemic awareness), writing, listening, and speaking. Reforms can be considered anot her important aspect of many sectors of human activity including education that should be adjusted to changing needs and preferences of the population with regard to the expansion of businesses into the global market, development of new areas in new fields of industry with the help of foreign partners or involvement of foreign investors. In this respect, ESL learners in Taiwan are facing the necessity of introducing new English literature learning syllabus in accordance with the importance of being in the mainstream of the language learning. Besides, a combination of the most effective approaches to design of the literature learning syllabi can be more effective than the application of a single approach or in-turn application of different approaches.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More So, ESL learners can benefit from introduction of the new approach that is aimed at u sing the task-based and topic-based learning syllabi. The present project is designed in order to outline an English literature learning syllabus for ESL learners of 8-12 years old in Taiwan. The subject will include reading, speaking, writing, listening, and pronunciation interventions for ESL students that would contribute positively to the development of language skills necessary for adequate academic development which is impossible without good reading, speaking, writing, listening, and pronunciation skills. Background The English literature learning syllabus should include the features of the topic-based and task-based approaches because ESL students should benefit more from the introduction of new instructions. The syllabus should include clear instructions and be more oriented on gaining the knowledge on a specific topic rather than on a definite text that is aimed at developing knowledge in a concrete area. General aims of the course include design of a new English learning syllabus or ESL learners in Taiwan. The social, cultural, and educational environments are under the influence of the political and economical ones because of the emerging tendencies in the economy and growth of globalisation. Participants of this syllabus are ESL learners in Taiwan and well-qualified teachers who have experience in primary teaching and ESL teaching as well. The English literature learning syllabus is introduced for the primary EFL students in Taiwan to enable them to gain knowledge in English language and understand the peculiarities of culture better. Theoretical Framework The globalization and the development of an international perspective have pushed English to become an international language or global communication language. Many countries see English as a basic educational requirement (Maurais and Morris, 2003). The motivation and environment have been examined as factors that influence the language acquisition progress by many researchers. As reported in th e study by Gunderson (2008), â€Å"Cummins argued that learning occurs in different contexts [that] provide substantial cues to the learner† (p. 41). Corson (1999) reviews the methods that can be applied to increase the language and literature learning efficiency in the ESL class.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Primary ESL Learners in Taiwan: English Literature Learning Syllabus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, increase of motivation, reduce the level of anxiety, and increase the level of pupils’ self-confidence and others (p. 199). This means that environment and motivation are of great importance for the ESL students’ effectiveness in learning. The current situation is such as the ESL learning syllabus is mostly based on the insufficient teacher training resources, content-based or topic-based approach to the presentation of new learning material in class, cooperative l earning, and learning in groups when students are divided into smaller groups than the class usually comprises for better acquisition of the presented material. In addition, the current situation with ESL students in primary school in Taiwan is such that students start learning English as a second language in a younger age than they used to before; so, students may experience difficulties related to associations built in the native and the foreign language. Moreover, students are taught to build analogies and simplify more complicated terms and concepts using new vocabulary. Qualification of teachers plays one of the major roles in effectiveness of instructions and the expected outcomes of the teaching process. â€Å"Students who are not isolated in ESL programs are thrust into mainstream classrooms with teachers little prepared to accommodate them† (Flood, International Reading Association and National Council of Teachers of English, 2003, p. 430). As suggested by Carder (20 07), â€Å"ESL teachers for primary (ages 6-11 or 12) should be well-qualified teachers of this age group, with additional training in second language teaching† (p. 38). Besides, the student teacher ratio should not exceed 8:1 (eight students per one teacher) if the ESL syllabus concerns the primary school (Carder, 2007, p. 40). The history of ESL reading instructions was reviewed by Gunderson (2008) who analysed the approaches and reading programmes used by different scholars and practicing teachers of ESL learners with regard to effectiveness of each approach and benefits gained by learners. The first approach includes a bottom-up model of teaching according to which â€Å"most teachers appear to believe students should be taught skills such as phonics and letter-sound relationship† (Gunderson, 2008, p. 36). The second model, in this case, concerns the top-down approach when students are â€Å"asked to read meaningful material† which excludes teaching the lett er-sound correspondence directly (Gunderson, 2008, p. 36).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The compromise between these two models is reached in the third one called interactive which is supposed to combine the designs of both the top-down and the bottom-up models (Gunderson, 2008, pp. 36-37). Combination of different learning syllabi is welcomed in the educational system in order to promote educational level of ESL learners. Variety of views and approaches makes it easier for teachers to use and combine the most effective educational models for ESL students to benefit from them. Ferris and Hedgcock (2005) report about the variety of views developed in terms of the ESL composition writing, namely the opinion of expressivists who think that expressing oneself in the process of writing is the most important part of writing and cognitivists who consider problem-solving and analysis the main components of the writing process (pp. 5-6). Task-based learning can be useful in addressing conditions related to ESL students’ writing practice (Cumming, 2006, p. 163). Hinkel (2 004a) reports about the varieties of instructions for writing classes and importance of writing skills for ESL students. As such, opinion-based reports and essays are aimed at reflecting personal thoughts and vision of a student (Hinkel, 2004a, p. 10) whereas the fact-based exemplification allows the instructor to assess the cognitive concept and the knowledge gained by the ESL student (p. 24). Topic- or content-based approach to the learning syllabus which was introduced in the late 1970s in Australia to cope with the problem of ESL students that should have been included into mainstream school curriculum became a real innovation (Evans, 1996, pp. 179-180). As suggested by Evans (1996), the structure of the lesson was based on a topic, its visual presentation, building of a reading passage, analysis of the passage, and the final writing (pp. 180-182). Besides, careful structuring of the task has been identified as the primary factor for effective teaching-learning process using the task-based approach (Clegg, 1996, p. 17). In addition, the pace of language and inter-language development should be increased to ensure that an ESL student succeeds in learning (Clegg, 1996, p. 18). Different approaches used with ESL students enable the teacher to perform the teaching-learning process more effectively. The study by Brownlie, Feniak and McCarthy (2004) enables the readers to understand the benefits of different models of learning. For instance, ESL students are claimed to benefit more from lessons if they find the tasks a bit difficult and challenging and the instructions do not take the most part of the lesson (Brownlie, Feniak and McCarthy, 2004, p. 2). A literature learning syllabus for ESL primary learners may focus more on topics and vocabulary rather than on specific works of literature (Carder, 2007, p. 55). The process of reading is not only a part of the English literature learning syllabus but also an important element of second language acquisition that has a number of benefits (Carder, 2007, p. 59). Language learning syllabus should be aimed at developing such skills as recognition and identification of definite â€Å"sounds, letters, lexicogrammar, sentence†, â€Å"awareness of language†, and other useful components that would be applied during the entire learning course (Carder, 2007, p. 58). Mississippi Department of Education (1998) insisted on the importance of instructing students how to read; so, clear instructions facilitate learning. Grade books may appear to be too difficult and easier variants can be used. The book by Barchers (1991) is structured in an interesting way including texts and explanations and clear instructions to each of them making it really simple: Read the book aloud. Allow the students to fill in words as they listen. During the second reading, list a variety of examples of alliteration on the board. Find the 60 objects in the book that begin with the letter â€Å"f†. Then list all the foods mentioned in the story (Barchers, 1991, p.146). The study by Honig (2001) advocates the importance of associating the typed text with the speech heard by students. Larkin (2003) insists on the importance of reading words correctly; this method â€Å"†¦ helps students to improve their reading comprehension, increase their vocabulary, and work cooperatively with peers† (p.156). Assessment of the ESL learners enables the teachers to thrust them into mainstream curriculum school so that they became an integral part of the learning process paying no attention to their previous achievement and gaining knowledge in other subjects as well as mastering their language skills. The skills gained by ESL learners are assessed by the teachers in order to identify whether they are ready to enter the mainstream of the curriculum with other students whose native language is English; assessment includes measurement of listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills and pronunci ation (McKay, 2006). At the same time, some learners may feel anxiety while being assessed and demonstrate poorer skills and knowledge than was previously seen in ordinary classes without introducing tests and assessment scales. The task-based curriculum requires students to be capable of fulfilling various tasks that are claimed to become useful for future learning; topic-based curriculum is supposed to be limited to specific topics taught through various visual aids and instructions to facilitate understanding of the topic and build bridges between the native language and second language. Literature-based approach in teaching-learning is isolated in terms of the definite number of literary sources in accordance to which the ESL students are expected to acquire knowledge about the environment and cultural peculiarities of the second language. Competency-based syllabus is designed in a way that makes the ESL students gain knowledge and experience in the areas that are believed to be of primary importance; for instance, students are taught to identify letter-sound relations in order to pas the text on this activity later. Context Analysis The effectiveness of every model that has been in operation should not be questioned because it appeared to be effective for the period in which it operated. At the same time, the model or design is updated as soon as it becomes inappropriate for the audience, other methodologies applied to it, and the results anticipated from its work. In this respect, the effect of the communicative language teaching model has been analysed by Hinkel (2011b), â€Å"The communicative competence model proved highly successful in broadening the scope of classroom teaching and applied linguistics† (p. 348). In this case, this model is worth being used for design of a new English literature learning syllabus for ESL students in Taiwan. Needs analysis can be fulfilled using the needs assessment tool introduced in the study by Nunan (1992, p . 248), can be seen in the Appendices section. According to this tool, students should be surveyed with the help of simple questions that concern their language skills and language difficulties experienced in their ordinary environment. So, this survey enables the teacher to identify without any stressful tests how a student feels about his/her progress in English, communication in different levels, listening skills, and other areas that might require more attention in the process of teaching-learning. Material and visual resources should contain word cards and pictures where all the objects and most situations in different topics are depicted. In this respect, a teacher would not need to write down the words on the blackboard every time. Besides, it would be interesting for children to draw pictures on different topics by themselves to put those up when the teacher asks them in English. Visual perception of the text as well association of words with specific objects is very importa nt. Preparation for every lesson will take a lot of time if a teacher is going to provide every; time limitation would not be a problem in case of clear organization of the lesson with comprehensive instructions. The use of vocabulary and other tools to enrich the students’ understanding of the language structure and meaning and develop ESL students’ desire to learn the language further are the primary tasks of the course. Course Rationale, Organisation, And Approach Aims of the course include a variety of assignments aimed at developing listening and reading skills, writing and speaking skills, and pronunciation. Besides, comprehension of the read material should be an integral part of the expected results of the learning syllabus because lack of understanding contributes negatively to the further learning achievements and influences the entire concept of language learning as it includes many aspects. The course is designed for the ESL learners in Taiwan taking into a ccount the primary school aged 8-12 years. Instructional language with a prevailing number of infinitive constructions will be used to provide instructions in the classroom. The lexical range of verbs will be developed as the class progresses including adequate translations as soon as the verb is introduced for the first time and repetition of the verb accompanied by specific actions. For instance, if a teacher tells â€Å"take your books†, he/she should do what he/she says to show pupils, repeat the same phrase in their native language and repeat it in English again. The assessment of achievement will be performed right after the class (using a 5-10 minute period to find out what pupils got to know). In addition, every class should start with a brainstorming activity to recollect what was said and learn at the previous class. The learning-teaching context will concern an ordinary classroom that will be steadily filled in with words and pictures on the walls referring to the topics studied in the language acquisition, in literature, and grammar. This course strives to help students to gain more abilities for reading, writing and speaking. The following areas will be components of the syllabus analysis and justification: description of entry level to course, description of intended exit level, description of assessment, course description, and course goals. Description of entry level to course The entry level to the course will include needs analysis using the model offered in the appendices section and evaluation of the gaps students may have in terms of the English language acquisition and use in everyday life and activities requiring the use of English language. At this stage, it is necessary to recognise that a student has or might have problems and he/she needs help in coping with those issues. Dividing the class into groups should not be fulfilled in accordance with the language competence level but on the basis of the types of information percepti on. For instance, some students may read and remember the typed text better while others are better listeners and understand the speech on the TV and on the radio better than their classmates. Description of intended exit level The exit level for ESL students that are going to finish this course include achievement of the goals enumerated below. Description of Assessment The assessment of the preliminary stage was already discussed while assessment of each student’s achievement in terms of language acquisition concerns the tests and quizzes aimed at analysis of the speaking, reading, writing, listening, and pronunciation skills. Course Description The course includes information on topics to improve the ESL students’ speaking, writing, listing, reading, and pronunciation skills. Course Goals Improve listing and comprehension skills Strengthen vocabulary Develop students’ basic English communication abilities (speaking including formulation of their thoughts) Ra ise students’ interest in learning English Broaden students’ cross-culture awareness The importance of grammar cannot be excluded from the learning syllabus. The study by Gordon (2007) contains analysis of different approaches used to teach grammar as a part of the language learning syllabus. However, everything can be arranged in the following way: the first phase of teaching-learning should concern noun phrases (nouns, adjectives, pronouns, determiners, noun clauses, and infinitives) (Lester, 2008, pp. 3-119). The next phase of learning should enable ESL students to acquire verb phrases using basic forms of the verbs, special verbs, adverbs, and vary tenses of the verbs (Lester, 2008, pp. 119-273). Finally, active and passive sentences including affirmative and interrogative statements should be introduced to the ESL students so that they could find the application of their knowledge on parts of speech in practice (Lester, 2008, pp. 273-334). In this respect, gramma r can be arranged in the way that meets the topic of the speaking and reading parts of the syllabus. Vocabulary The vocabulary should include the topics indicated in the appendices section in order to make the learning process more well-organized and structured for better understanding of the foreign culture by ESL students in Taiwan. Speaking: The topics for speaking include the same as those for development of ESL students’ vocabulary because the topics should coincide in order to be effective in the learning syllabus. As such, the topics are the same as for vocabulary area: Listening: The same as the speaking and vocabulary areas concerns the listening area because it is important to develop different skills using the topic-based approach. Writing: This area of the learning syllabus should combine the grammar and vocabulary/speaking/listening topics in order to be effective. Nouns and pronouns should be introduced with the topic about ‘myself’ and family while the adjectives would be better used with such topics as weather and appearance. Adverbs can be introduced together with the topic of directions and geography while differences between direct and indirect speech should be learnt in the framework of the discussion of literary sources. Pronunciation: This area should include the same sources as for other areas such as speaking and vocabulary. Grading Scale Writing Assignments 30% Tests/quizzes 50% Class Participation 20% Anticipated Problems And Limitations Limitation of the course includes the number of teacher necessary to accomplish every lesson because the learning groups should consist of 8-10 students and no more. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the amount of materials necessary for every topic and importance of variety of assignments so that students were not bored. Approach To Course Evaluation The assessment of the needs was already offered in the Appendices section while the evaluation of the outcomes should be performed after every class and after every topic using standard tests and evaluation sheets. For instance, Hedge (2000), uses 2 stages of textbook selecting process. The syllabus is designed in the way suggested in this paper using specific topics for instruction and clear explanation of assignments for students. The further gaps of the syllabus can be identified in the process of operation and indicated by the teacher and survey aimed at analysing the students’ opinion and their satisfaction level. Other limitations of the syllabus include the previous experience of the students in English language acquisition and their achievements. The course evaluation should comprise at least two approaches aimed at analysis of the achievements before and after the implementation of the new syllabus. As such, it is possible to introduce a test based on multiple-choice questions for students of 8-12 age group so that a teacher could see their literacy level and divide them adequately in to groups for teaching-learning a new syllabus. The next step in the assessment should include evaluation of students’ achievements after being in the program for some time (at least two months); this means that evaluation should be performed in a stage-by-stage manner to understand the effectiveness of the syllabus and its influence on the learning process of ESL students in primary school in Taiwan. Conclusion The reforms are always important for different sectors of human activity but education is one of the areas where reforms also can be either positive or negative. As a rule, the gaps in the methodologies and techniques are identified after their implementation into full operation. This also causes multiple problems and necessity for solving them. As such, the importance of education was advocated in many studies while others think education to be a rudiment of the ancient ages when this was a method for achieving some goals. At the same time, education remains the meth od of achieving one’s goals because it enables people to think differently, read books, and learn something new due to their skills. The age of learners can vary but the methodologies remain the same because of their proven effectiveness. English is claimed to be an international language and every country attempts to introduce it as a foreign language into the system of education to develop the learners’ interest and desire to learn it in a more advanced level. Every syllabus should be designed in the way that facilitates understanding and learning of the material offered by the teacher. Social, cultural and educational values may shift priorities but the desires remain the same and people often need formal education to go further up the career promotional ladder. In Taiwan, education has a strong basis for English language acquisition and instructions but they want to achieve more in giving their students the best practices and making them more experienced in English . Reference List Barchers, S. (1991). Bridges to Reading: Grades K-3. Florida: Libraries Unlimited. Brownlie, F., Feniak, C. and McCarthy, V., 2004. Instruction and assessment of ESL learners: promoting success in your classroom. 2nd ed. Winnipeg, MB: Portage Main Press. Carder, M., 2007. Bilingualism in international schools: a model for enriching language education: Volume 8 of Parents and teachers guides. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Chan, Yu-Ching, 2006. â€Å"Elementary school EFL teachers’ beliefs and practices of multiple assessments.† Reflections on English Language Teaching 7.1, pp. 37–62. Clegg, J. ed., 1996. Mainstreaming ESL: case-studies in integrating ESL students into the mainstream curriculum. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Corson, D., 1999. Language policy in schools: a resource for teachers and administrators. Mahwah, NJ: Routledge. Cumming, A. H., 2006. Goals for academic writing: ESL students and their instructors. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Evans, R., 1996. Content-based language teaching: geography for ESL students. In: J. Clegg, ed. Mainstreaming ESL: case-studies in integrating ESL students into the mainstream curriculum. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. pp. 179-198. Ferris,D. and Hedgcock, J., 2005. Teaching ESL composition: purpose, process, and practice. 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Routledge. Flood, J., International Reading Association, and National Council of Teachers of English, 2003. Handbook of research on teaching the English language arts. 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Routledge. Gunderson, L., 2008. ESL (ELL) literacy instruction: a guidebook to theory and practice. 2nd ed. Abingdon, Oxon: Taylor Francis. Hedge, T., 2000. Teaching and learning in the language classroom. Oxford: OUP. Hinkel, E., 2004a. Teaching academic ESL writing: practical techniques in vocabulary and grammar. Mahwah, NJ: Routledge. Hinkel, E. ed., 2011b. Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning, Volume 2. Abingdon, Oxon: Taylor Francis. Honig, B. (2001). Teaching Our Children to Read: The Components of an Effective, Comprehensive Reading Program. California: Corwin Press. Larkin, M. J. (2003). Reading Strategies for Elementary Students with Learning Difficulties. California: Corwin Press Lester, M., 2008. McGraw-Hills essential ESL grammar: a handbook for intermediate and advanced ESL students. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. Maurais, J. and Morris, M. A. eds., 2003. Languages in a globalising world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McKay, P., 2006. Assessing young language learners. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gordon, T., 2007. Teaching young children a second language. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. Nunan, D., 1992. Collaborative language learning and teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Issues in the correctional system, the case study analysis of facility

Issues in the correctional system, the analysis of facility murder - Case Study Example Moreover, it explains the necessities of reducing the liberties given to the prisoners in America. According to Ikilo, (n.d.), it is the duty of The Federal Bureau of Prisons to â€Å"protect society by confining offenders in the controlled environments of prisons and community-based facilities that are safe, humane, cost-efficient, and appropriately secure, and that provide work and other self-improvement opportunities to assist offenders in becoming law-abiding citizens† (Ikilo, n.d.). However, nobody thinks about the safety of correctional officers while saying volumes about the safety of the public. It should be noted that many of the correctional officers working in American jails are females. They were forced to interact with many of the hard-core criminals who have less faith in humanity and more faith in cruelty. Many of the criminals in correctional system are sex offenders. Moreover, it is quite possible that even normal criminals may become sex offenders in jails si nce they are not getting any opportunities to relieve their sex energy. Many studies have proved that homosexuality is common in American jails. This is because of the lack of opportunities for heterosexuality in jails. Under such circumstances, the logic of asking women officers to work in American jails can be questionable. The ill fate suffered by Marsha Wills point towards the serious issues prevailing in American jails which needs immediate attention from the authorities. This paper tries to identify the issues, and make recommendations on how to improve the correctional system based on the given case study. Major issues prevailing in American correctional system James (2010) pointed out that â€Å"In "Tent City", a notorious convict camp in the Arizona desert that lacks even basic air conditioning, temperatures regularly top 130 degrees, causing no end of heat-related health problems among its internees† (James, 2010). It is a fact that absence of basic living condition s may cause distress in the minds of people and in the case of criminals, such distress may result in unexpected outcomes. Majority of the criminals in American jails are leading a no hope life. For example, life imprisonment in American means the culprit should spend his remaining life span in jails. He may not get enough opportunities for parole or probation. The US is the only country where juveniles are serving life imprisonment without parole under the so-called "life means life" policy. Only the US and Somalia have refused to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which rules out life sentences with no chance of release for crimes committed before the age of 18 (Pilkington, 2011). Even though America is believed to be the most civilized country in the world, they are not so at least in terms of considering criminals who got life sentencing. In other countries such as India, life imprisonment means only 15 year jail term. Moreover, during this 15-year jail term it self the criminal can spend lots of time outside in the name of parole. Those who are behaving decently in Indian jails, may get paroles frequently. In other words, criminals in Indian jails have hope for a future life outside the jail campus. The incidents or the murder of Marsha Wills in the given case should be analysed in the above context. John James, the 52

Judaism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Judaism - Essay Example This paper will examine Judaism and argue that it may be largely defined as a communal behaviour that is rooted in knowledge of the reality. To begin with, one should note that just like Islam Judaism also has a legal dimension to it. In other worlds, there is a legal system that is based on the sacred text of Judaism, namely Torah (Solomon 1996, 56). Indeed, this means that the latter should not be considered to be merely a spiritual text, but a set of rules and regulations that might be used to resolve different issues. What is more important is that the very name might be interpreted as teaching which implies the practical application of knowledge that is stored in it. That is why it is not surprising that the Jews also applied the text that contained the religious dogma to daily affairs. One should also note that this application is recognized on the state level. For example, according to the tradition of Judaism, on the seventh day of the week, which is Saturday, the Jews should not do any work, but only rest. While this might seem as a peculiar religious tradition; nevertheless, on every Saturday trains do not run in Israel, planes do not fly and the majority of the stores are closed. All this shows how religious principles are able to modify communal behaviour. Moreover, while some rules might have some theological support, they still impose severe restriction that other people, regardless of their involvement into the spiritual practice have to face. The next point that should be noted while considering the nature of Judaism and its communal dimension is the way the above mentioned sacred text is regarded. Thus, there is no doubt in the fact that Torah is the corner stone of this religious tradition (Harvey 2005, p. 74). However, it must be noted that Judaism recognizes two kinds of Torah – Written one and Oral one. As a result, what people tend to mostly

Case Analysis of Nationwide Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case Analysis of Nationwide - Research Paper Example Aside from these core values, management has likewise signified adherence to other core values which include honesty, integrity, trust, and respect. The current discourse hereby aims to present a brief case study on Nationwide in terms of discussing the organization’s goals and strategies that was deemed formulated to help it maximize its total value; prior to presenting an explanation of the company’s abilities and market opportunities that help it create value for its stakeholders. Likewise, a Porter’s Five-Forces analysis would be conducted to incorporate the basic framework of value-driven strategy. Finally, a discussion on how the company can apply the Christian worldview of money, morality, and social responsibility to impact the business would be expounded in both the sort-term and long-term. Company’s Goals and the Strategies that Maximize its Total Value The vision statement of Nationwide is explicitly disclosed as follows: â€Å"to be the truste d advocate for U.S. consumers and businesses by protecting what matters most and building a secure financial future† (Nationwide, 2013, par. 1). ... g the things considered most important to clientsm through superior customer service; (2) providing solutions for the protection through various products and services that cater to varied needs; (3) providing stable, reliable, and diverse business portfolios; (4) providing greater access to products and services through varied and greatly accessible means; and (5) provision of support to the local communities within the organization’s vicinity (Natiowide, 2013). The the effective implementation of these strategies, it was therefore revealed that Nationwide generated as much as $22,650,000 in total revenues in 2012 and a net income of $940,000 in the same year (Nationwide, 2012). Company’s Abilities and Market Opportunities that Create Value for its Stakeholders Spulber (2009) has emphasized that â€Å"the abilities of the organization are its resources and competencies† (p. 161); where resources were explicitly defined as the â€Å"tangible physical assets†¦and more complex information resources† (Spulber, 2009, p. 161). Concurrently, the firm’s competencies are its â€Å"technological expertise, process capabilities, functional skills, and other firm-specific abilities† (Spulber, 2009, p. 161). These abilities are therefore evaluated using internal analysis. On the other hand, through external analysis of the macro-environment, the organization is able to determine the opportunities which abound and which could be tapped or capitalized to create value to its stakeholders. For Nationwide, the firm’s resources could be determined through a closer evaluation of its physical assets, which could be viewed it in balance sheet items. As of December 31, 2012, its total assets equal $168.3 billion. Other financial highlights which prove Nationwide’s strength include

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Swot Analysis And Changes Toward Effective Performances Management Essay This paper is a critical knowledge of SWOT analysis of Yau Lee Holdings Limited (YL) and Chun Wo development Holdings Limited (CW), which refers to the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats involved in a business venture. The aim of this paper is to assess the importance of business to identify the internal and external factors of influence to achieve organizational goal. Through the two companies strategic planning such as present market position, financial resources, image etc. and characteristics of the organization such as size, structure, managerial expertise, physical etc. to compare, contrast and analysis the importance of each element. Focuses of these aspects are the Strengths and Weaknesses of strategic planning and development in the field of business. Furthermore, this paper will discuss the conditions of change for these two companies in the external environment. It might find the two companies sensitive business strategies and their responsiveness to changes toward opportunities in new markets, technology advances, improved economic factors etc. in order to increasing company income and maintain or grow market share. On the other hand, change of external environment might bring more threats which in include changes in legislation, political or economic unrest, changing social conditions etc. Above all it may involve potential risks such as company liquidation and hurt the firms sales and profits. Finally, this research will help suggest recommend changes needed for the two companies and list suggestions to solve their weaknesses and threat. Furthermore, this research will make it possible to make informed strategic choices and plan the future of the companies. SWOT Analysis for YL and CW As the proverb goes You will win the wars if you know your enemies and yourselves well. This term cant only be applied to people, it also can be applied in business. How do we measure and understand a companys condition? In business strategy, SWOT analysis is a common strategic planning method credited by Albert Humphrey. Use the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a business venture to analyze of the company (Thompson Strickland, 1999). A SWOT analysis is a thorough analysis of a companys internal and external factors that influences decision makers. According to the companys resources and capabilities to assess when they can rely on and seize opportunities of environment changes, while at the same time, external threats might damage the firms sales and profit (Coulter 2008). Although YL and CW have the similar business backgrounds such as construction Industry and founded in the 50s and 60s. But, they had different of market positions. Organizational structure, culture and managerial expertise had a significant influence on their development. While at the same time they encountered different of situations such as companies strategic planning and self-ability. Following will use SWOT to analyze the two companies to explore this topic in great depth. Compare the Strengths of YL and CW Strengths and advantages analysis are mainly endowed within the firms. These elements are within the control of the firm management (Belleville 2010). 2.11 Strengths Analysis for YL Culture of Innovation of Information Technology IT can to increase organizations competitiveness in future (King and Teo, 1996 and Probst and BÃ ¼chel, 1997). Due to Technology fast development, companies need adoption of IT can improve the efficiency of a business process (Farrell, 2003). In addition, the adoption of IT can help in communication. If they use IT properly, can advance in the time of process (Sammut-Bonnii and McGee, 2002). YL management encourages innovation and change. YL has been support by advances in IT. Subsidiaries VHSoft Technologies Company Limited was established 1998. YL also adopted the advanced information technologies in management for higher efficiency and accuracy. Its subsidiary, VHSoft Technologies Company Limited, has joined force with renowned universities in Hong Kong and Mainland China to develop various tools to effectively increase project management efficiency (Yau Lee Construction Company Limited 2010). Technology was emerging from a rational-liner process of invention, design, development and innovation in YL. Wide range of Construction Related Services YLs business strategy was expanded diverse development in business. Their array of holdings range from building construction to related services including Subsidiaries like Ming Hop Company Limited (building service works), Yau Lee Wah Concrete Precast Products Company Limited (Building Construction), InnoVision Architectural Engineers Ltd. (Design), Yau Lee Curtain Wall and Steel Works Ltd. (Building Material) and VHSoft Technologies Company Limited (Information Technology) were established between 1982-2002 etc.. In 2008, REC Engineering Company Limited (REC, formerly known as Ryoden Engineering Company Limited) was acquired by the Yau Lee Group, REC was established in Hong Kong in 1966 as an electrical and mechanical engineering contractor. (Yau Lee Construction Company Limited 2010). Wide range of construction related services can help YL to provided construction services of coordinated process or one package service. 2.12 Strengths Analysis for CW Quality Management System Chun Wo is committed to fulling customers needs, expectations and statutory requirements. It would be issue to improve the system of management and provide the highest quality services to customers. Enterprises principles approach toward quality management requires the selection of optimal tools and indicators suitable for creating their own national system of quality (Vajcnerova Ryglova 2010). In 2005, CW was awarded of Business Performance Index (BPI) Assessment and , 14 Gold Awards, by Hong Kong Quality Assurance Agency, Quality Award 2005, Bronze Award, by Hong Kong Management Association. (Chun Wo Construction and Engineering Company Limited 2009). According to above award Indicate CW was succeed issue quality policy. Communication Another strengths for CW is communication. They are the best than compared to other companies. Communication was include there elements which in downward, horizontal, and upward to exchange message such as through two type channels (formal and informal) communication can enables employees to achieve their goals (Bell and Martin 2008). Front line employees significantly to communicate with manager who can get staffs expectation and personal goal develop. Would be effective motivate the staffs. Enabling the policy allows the company to achieve of the organizational objectives. Training and Development CW believes good management practices help build up a highly motivated and efficient workforce. CWs human resources department has developed a philosophy of collective consultation. CWs HR department can provide training for recruited employees the basic skills required to perform their jobs and provide more courses to improve their knowledge, skill, and abilities. Good image in business ethics and corporate social responsibility In 2004, CW established the Volunteer Team for caring towards the community such as capital support Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, the Community Chest and Sowers Action etc. The public appreciated CWs business ethics. There was an increase in consumer confidence. 2.13 Conclusion of the Strengths in YL and CW According to strengths factors for the two companies, they have differences advantage in management. The culture of YL has expanded its business into different areas in line with the market needs such as innovation of information technology. CWs policy was to continue improving quality of services to customers. These advantages can increase revenue and maintain or market share growth. These factors were enabling the company sustained development. Although the strengths factors of the two companies were different, but the two companies is equal enormous contribution in construction field. Compare the Weaknesses of YL and CW Weaknesses or disadvantages analysis mainly endowed within the firms. These elements are within the control of the firms management (Belleville 2010). 2.21 Weaknesses Analysis for YL Subsidiary company was small organization Due to YLs business strategy plan, regarding the policy of diversify development. Although have diversify way for company development, but this way would be need more investments fund to support. Furthermore this subsidiary company might not have enough experience and fund to compete with existing companies. Complex management Although YL has some diversified subsidiary companies, the supply chain management is not very impressive for YL. It has not introduced a breakthrough product / service yet. 2.22 Weaknesses Analysis for CW Not completely independent CW is reliant on material supply and EM Sub-contractor Corporation. If these companies increase the price on materials and CW must either absorb the cost or pass it along to the client. Either of the two scenarios can make CW vulnerable. Traditional services and technology People considered technology to be the most important in 21st century. CW also used traditional construction method. They they constructed buildings effectively, efficiently and a consumer with confidence. Leaderships change Mr. Pang Yat Ting, appointed as the the Chairman in April 2010. Some employees were anxious that companys new policy and leaderships style would influence staff stability such as turnover rate or increasing workload. The above factor also influenced staff morale and performances. 2.13 Discussion on the Weaknesses in YL and CW According to weaknesses factors for the two companies, their management have some problems. They need to improve or advance their management and increase communication between manager and staff. This paper will suggest some methods from the last section. Compare the Opportunities of YL and CW Opportunities analysis mainly endowed without the firms. These elements are not under the control of the external environment. (Belleville 2010). They had similar opportunities for their advances in the companys development because they are both in the construction industry. Government Policy was Booming infrastructure Refer to the 2011 Policy Address The Hong Kong government strategy of promoting economic growth through infrastructural development which included 10 major infrastructure projects. Example: Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link, MTR Sha Tin to Central Link, South Island Line (East). These projects are now in progress (2010-11 Policy Address 2010). The government will spend amount of exceeding $50 billion for the next few years. This enables the construction field to have more opportunities for the two companies. Maintain old buildings Hong Kong has more existing buildings in old town. Building safety was very important, the government provide resources to management through legislation, enforcement, public education and support for building owners. Client need to get funds to improve these old buildings. These were also opportunities for the two companies. Huge investment in Asia-Pacific Grasping business opportunities in Macau, Singapore, Abu Dhabi, The United Arab Emirates (UAE) etc., were important because in recent years these countries important integrated resort development such as casinos, residential buildings and infrastructure by foreign investors and local developments. More construction projects of large-scale resorts, hotels and high-class residential buildings can be built promptly. But these regions dont have enough experience and human resource. Due to the above factor, the two companies were the best candidates to develop in other Asia-Pacific countries. Expanding business to Mainland China Mainland China is booming market due to Chinas fast growing economy. China has more opportunities for construction services into other business areas, including property development, professional property services and investment. The above factor or chances also are best opportunities for two companies development but who can ability grasping the each business opportunities, this factor is more important. On the other hand external environment will transform more threats, next section will de discuss this topic. Compare the Threats of YL and CW Threats analysis mainly endowed without the firms. These elements are not under the control of the external environment. (Belleville 2010). They hadve similar threats for influencing the companies development because they are both in the construction idustry. Rising and instable Construction Costs In recent years, the price of materials increased every year, and wage inflation spirals upward. It was difficult for construction companies to make a tender offer for each project and obtain construction financing. If the company made a tender offer lower than the cost, then the profits would be influenced. If set up was a higher proposal cost than other companies would be less competitive and efforts to boost the economy with greater liquidity. This increased the risk for each company such as business investments. Lack of skilled manpower Main reason many civil engineering graduates dont find these jobs lucrative because construction companies dont pay enough and the jobs are also temporary. After a project is finished in one state the company moves to another state leaving the workers behind. In most cases the workers too dont prefer to shift unless they get good salaries and like in the finance companies. The Government regulations Every year the government publishes and updates more health and safety regulations such as safety method of construction in progress, equipment, accident insurance etc., and these regulations increase cost of construction. Construction companies that cant co-operate these with regulations will loss of money. Stronger competition Due to the worlds developing trend is globalization, more construction companies cant limit themselves to local development. Moreover, the construction industry is a bigger market so more enterprises investments. For example, China Harbor Engineering Company Ltd. is a subsidiary of China Communications Construction Company Ltd. Gammon construction Ltd. is a subsidiary of Jardine Matheson Ltd and Balfour Beatty, both are world-renowned international companies who has more capacity and technology to support their competition. Housing building was real estate developers monopoly Hong Kong is a free market and Hong Kongs real estate developers want to control housing demand in order to influence price of housing building. Many real estate developers cant to construct housing building such as accumulates the land. It might influence construction of hosing building. Above threats factor, also influence two companies stable development. Changes toward Effective Performances Companies or organizations survival and prosperity are important to management such as the starting point, destination, path, variation, alignment, communication etc., because effective performance management is incredibly difficult (Srinivas 2009). Next section will explore the changes recommended for two companies. Changes Recommended for YL Increasing Communication YL needs to set up some methods of systematic communication because YL has a many subsidiary companies. The message needs to be clear and communicated consistently. Front line employees are given information by managers and feedback upward. Effective communicate can help companies and each staff of high productivity (Ahmed, White, Wilbert, Shields, 2010). There would be less noise and consideration between top head officials and front line employees and therefore increase mutual trust. Strategic plans of joint venture or corporation Most joint venture corporate strategic plans are to increase the probability of each achieving their mission or decrease loss and risk in a business (Lovallo 2007). When a company does not have enough capital and technology, the partner would gather funds such as investments. Moreover through cooperation, technology sharing and development will be obtained. Doing this enables the company sustained development. Strategic plans of Mainland China and Asia-Pacific Due to China, Macau, Singapore, Abu Dhabi, The United Arab Emirates (UAE) etc., is fast growing economy and development. The two companies need catch up this best of opportunity. Focus on the Mainland China and Asia-Pacific markings. Companies will trend to international development. Property Development YLs technical knowledge is construction which in return lowers costs and reduces time. This factor is the advantage. Recommend Property Development business both in Hong Kong and overseas. 3.2 Changes Recommended for CW Managerial behavior and leadership styles appropriate to work situations Although the new chairman was appointed in 2010, he needs to increase communication with his employees, communicating an inspiring vision and behaving supportively (Locke Latham 2002). Successful leaders focus on managing in a way that builds employee trust, loyalty, and commitment (Mayfield 2002). Doing so enables staff and provides a stable working environment and less consideration. Human resource management such as outsourcing CW needs to increase resource management such as outsourcing, because CW cant supply construction fields, materials and workforce. Its influenced by supplies and subcontractors. Scholars know that HRM is organizational success manly reason (Hernandez, 2008). More choice of supplies and subcontractor would be stabilize construction costs. Develop Information Technology and Knowledge Management CW needs leading innovation in Information Technology and method of construction. Knowledge Management can help them, because Knowledge Management which in approach of identifying, capturing, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing all of an enterprises information assets. These assets may include databases, documents, policies, procedures, and previously existing expertise and experience of individuals works (Srikantaiah Koenig 2001). Knowledge Management suggests similes are tools of techniques, strategies to retain, analyze, organize, and share business expertise(Groff and Jones 2003). The above conception said that knowledge management is important in develop a business society because due to the explosion of information, we can find a problem and increasing knowledge to create a new method, skill and knowledge. Ultimately, effective performance management must become an integral part of the organizations culture (Hellriegel Slocum 2008). Strategic plans of Mainland China and Asia-Pacific (Same as changes recommended for CW) Due to China, Macau, Singapore, Abu Dhabi, The United Arab Emirates (UAE) etc., is fast growing economy and development. The two companies need catch up this best of opportunity. Focus on the Mainland China and Asia-Pacific markings. Companies will trend to international development. Property Development (Same as changes recommended for CW) YLs technical knowledge is construction therefore lowers costs and reduces time. This factor is the advantage. Recommend Property Development business both in Hong Kong and overseas. Conclusion This paper has compared and conducted a SWOT analysis and changes recommended of Yau Lee Holdings Limited and Chun Wo Development Holdings Limited. Through the using of SWOT analysis, the two companies had diffident factor of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. When they can their own strengths and weakness, there will be improvements and advance in their management. They will know what opportunities and threats are in an environment and will catch up in order to avoid risks. It will enable the company sustained development. Refer Fig. 1 showed the relationship and principles between in Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Fig. 1 Relationship and Principles between in Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Each company has different management method which in expertise or traits approach but dont formed a formula will ensure success. Condition, situation and external environment is a very important aspect. Certainly good management internal environment would extend a company or organizations development and success. But dont forget to mention external environments included. Changes in legislation, political or economic unrest, changing social conditions etc. are equally important in a business society. I hope we will use on SWOT analysis to explore some advantage and disadvantage in other companies in our next essay.

Shamanism: The Siberian Paradigm in the Analysis of Shamans Essay

Shamanism: The Siberian Paradigm in the Analysis of Shamans THE ANALYS OF THE SHAMAN: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION King Louis IX of France, a devout Roman Catholic who is venerated as saint and exemplary Christian monarch, received a harrowing report from a Franciscan monk in 1255. The Monk Wilhelm av Ruysbroek, who had been sent to the court of Mongolia on behalf of France, retold the account of an oracle that invoked spirits with sorcery and fed an evil darkness with drum music and boiled meat. Scholars now realize that this account describes the first encounter a Westerner experienced with shamanistic rituals (Siikala, A.L. & Hoppà ¡l, M. 1998). More importantly, despite his subjective portrayal, the French Monk introduced the concept of the shaman to the West. Through many subsequent eye-witness reports, it would be seen that the role of the shaman has remained relatively unchanged from century to century. The shaman, as a spiritual-religious specialist, is now the focus of much Western scholarship with research analyzing the role of this individual within the shamanistic systems of belief. Yet, it is within this study that the scholar of shamanism must become acquainted with the characteristics of the shaman through the collection and scrutiny of primary data in order to properly interpose established conclusions to the discipline. These conclusions should introduce original claims within the field such as shaman identification criteria, detailed research methodologies, and deconstructions of clan-specific shamanic history. More importantly, the data being analyzed must originate from first-hand accounts of shamans and their otherworldly journeys, ceremonial rituals, and specialized paraphernalia. The aim of this research piece is... ...ifferent worlds and interaction with unearthly beings is juxtaposed with a dependency to a participatory community. In the end scholarship is given an understanding of the shaman that is accord with the reality of the cultural circumstances. References Eliade, M. (2005). In L. Jones (Ed.), Encyclopedia of religion (2nd ed. ed., pp. 8269-8274). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. Pharo, L. K. (2011). A methodology for a deconstruction and reconstruction of the concepts â€Å"Shaman† and â€Å"Shamanism†. Numen: International Review for the History of Religions, 58 Sidky, H. (2010). Ethnographic perspectives on differentiating shamans from other ritual intercessors. Asian Ethnology, 69(2), (pp. 213-240). Siikala, A.L. & Hoppà ¡l, M. (1998). Studies on shamanism. Helsinki: Finish Anthropological Society. Stutley, M. (2003). Shamanism: An introduction. London: Routledge.

“A Good Man Is Hard to Find” Analysis: Six White Columns Essay

â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is a southern stories in several ways. Most of the old southern values are embodied through the grandmother. As the family loads into the car to drive to Florida, the grandmother is described as wearing white cotton gloves, a navy blue straw sailor hat with white violets on the brim. She also dons a white-dotted navy blue dress with white organdy cuffs and collar trimmed with lace. She had pinned a cloth violets containing a sachet—a scented bag—to her collar. She is the only one dressed up, her rationale being â€Å"In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady.† Dress was an integral part of class distinction in the Old South, and the grandmother clearly thinks things should still be that way. The grandmother also displays one attitude towards blacks when she describes a young black child she sees as they drive. She explains to June Star that he doesn’t have britches because he is poor and simply not white, saying, â€Å"[they] don’t have things like we do.† She goes on to say she would paint him if she could, treating him as an object rather than a human child. Slavery and racial discrimination was characteristic of the Old South. The family also stops for barbeque at The Tower. It may not seem â€Å"southern,† but I can say from experience that BBQ is a part of southern culture. I once drove from Georgia to Florida with my own family and along the way saw many barbeque places. And they were delicious! Southern culture is also brought up when the grandmother recalls the old plantation. She paints a picture of what I always envision when I think of one, with â€Å"six white columns† and â€Å"an avenue of oaks leading up to it.† Finally, religion was an important part of southern culture. Though it doesn’t say of which religion the grandmother belongs to, she brings up religion during her confrontation with The Misfit. She plays it off that she is devout, but all throughout the story she contradicted those â€Å"strong morals† that come with religion.